Shakespeare might have thought about theory less than we do, but I doubt that he wrote iambic pentameter by accident, and I suspect that even he would sometimes go back over his drafts to make sure that the metrical patterns weren't violated, and perhaps sometimes he would even correct himself when he found that he had written a line that didn't scan correctly. What vocabulary he used as he thought about these things is beyond my ability to guess, but I simply can't imagine he wasn't acutely aware of metrical issues or that he never thought about his writing in formal terms. One might assume, of course, that he had an extraordinarily good ear, and didn't need to correct his own meter very much, but he also had a pretty good brain and wasn't likely to miss much about the technical aspects of his craft.
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