Though he has retired from filmmaking since
The Turin Horse in 2011,
Béla Tarr is a contemporary director well worth exploring. My favorite is
Werckmeister Harmonies, which has, in my opinion, the single greatest opening shot in film history (it's 10 minutes long and absolutely stunning), but
The Turin Horse and the seven-hour
Satantango are fantastic as well. (I recently read the novel
Satantango is based on, by
Laszlo Krasznahorkai, and it's phenomenal, too.)
Claire Denis is another contemporary director who deserves your time, though her best film,
Beau Travail (a loose retelling of Melville's "Billy Budd, Sailor") is from the 1990s. Still, she has many good films.
Edit: some trailers
Werckmeister Harmonies:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8YGdkxI0rU4
The Turin Horse:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZNkN_xCXozw
Satantango:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H44r9WCqDXA (scene, not a trailer)
Beau Travail:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9zUJCJNHXww (early scene)